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The bio_for_each_segment_all() loop can take more than 10 ms for a large
bio on an ARM little core. This is too much for interrupt context. Hence
perform the write bio completion work asynchronously if a bio is large and
if f2fs_write_end_io() is called from atomic context. This patch reduces
the time spent in f2fs_write_end_io() from about 10 ms to about 150
microseconds on an Arm Cortex-A520 core if the max_atc_write_bio_size
parameter is changed to 16384.
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Reviewed-by: Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
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Convert Texas Instruments PBIAS internal regulator from text to DT
schema. Since all in tree DT uses SoC specific compatible along with
"ti,pbias-omap" Convert compatible property to require the two-string
form.
Add child regulator nodes as property as they are fixed and node
name is matched by driver.
Signed-off-by: Bhargav Joshi <j.bhargav.u@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Rob Herring (Arm) <robh@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260729-ti-pbias-omap-v3-1-20fcc0bdc890@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
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Document how pre-opened interpreters are accounted.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260803-work-binfmt_misc-interplimit-v1-3-4a2435500bd9@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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So far, parts that could only do differential voltage measurements were
only required to have a consistent labeling of their channels by complying
either to voltageY or to voltageY-voltageZ ABI. Over time, code maintainers
came to the conclusion that the voltageY-voltageZ ABI is better suited for
differential-only chips as it provides a simple indication to users that
the channels measure the difference of two inputs.
Adjust the ABI documentation to recommend using the voltageY-voltageZ ABI
for chips that do only differential voltage measurements.
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Schmitt <marcelo.schmitt@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@oss.qualcomm.com>
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Document how to describe LTC2378-20 and similar ADCs in device tree.
Reviewed-by: David Lechner <dlechner@baylibre.com>
Reviewed-by: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Schmitt <marcelo.schmitt@analog.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@oss.qualcomm.com>
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Add the ICM42607 and ICM42607P inertial measurement unit.
This device is functionally very similar to the icm42600 series with a
very different register layout. The icm42607 currently does not use an
interrupt because wake on movement and buffers are not supported, and
cannot be implemented on my test device which lacks an interrupt line.
Signed-off-by: Chris Morgan <macromorgan@hotmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@oss.qualcomm.com>
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Add mount-matrix attribute to schema. This attribute has been supported
since the first revision of this driver, but was not documented.
Signed-off-by: Chris Morgan <macromorgan@hotmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@oss.qualcomm.com>
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Key changes include:
- Translated management-style.rst into and adapted idiomatic expressions
and humor to sound natural in Brazilian Portuguese while maintaining
the original tone.
Signed-off-by: Amanda Corrêa <amandacorreasilvax@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Pereira <danielmaraboo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260704202831.112653-1-amandacorreasilvax@gmail.com>
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The requirement to identify specific models used in the Assisted-by tag
provides free advertising to proprietary software companies while adding
little or no useful information. Change the requirement to simply:
Assisted-by: LLM
to capture the fact that an LLM was used without tracking which one.
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (ARM) <ljs@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jori Koolstra <jkoolstra@xs4all.nl>
Reviewed-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+huawei@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand (arm) <david@kernel.org>
Message-ID: <20260701-work-coding-assistants-v1-1-a20a94d1d606@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
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Translate Documentation/process/email-clients.rst to Portuguese and add it
to the docs build.
Signed-off-by: Ygor Otavio <ygorotavio.sjc@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Pereira <danielmaraboo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260726235352.3926-1-ygorotavio.sjc@gmail.com>
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Translate the documentation on security bugs into Brazilian Portuguese,
maintaining consistency with the original formatting rules.
Signed-off-by: Álysson Gleyson da Silva <alyssongleyson.dev@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Pereira danielmaraboo@gmail.com
[jc: removed top-of-file label]
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260727204803.35796-1-alyssongleyson.dev@gmail.com>
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Update the Italian translation of Documentation/doc-guide to catch up
with the following upstream commits:
doc-guide/index.rst:
commit a592a36e4937 ("Documentation: use a source-read extension for the index link boilerplate")
commit d40981350844 ("doc-guide: add help documentation checktransupdate.rst")
doc-guide/sphinx.rst:
commit f1c2db1f145b ("docs: move test_doc_build.py to tools/docs")
commit abd61d1ff8f0 ("scripts: sphinx-pre-install: move it to tools/docs")
commit 9322af5e6557 ("docs: sphinx: add a file with the requirements for lowest version")
commit d6d886005d32 ("Docs: doc-guide: update sphinx.rst Sphinx version number")
commit 5ccab49c104c ("docs: doc-guide: clarify latest theme usage")
commit b31274d58d21 ("docs: drop the version constraints for sphinx and dependencies")
commit 40be2369dc0e ("Documentation: multiple .rst files: Fix grammar and more consistent formatting")
commit 3e893e16af55 ("docs: Raise the minimum Sphinx requirement to 2.4.4")
commit 86b17aaf2e88 ("docs: automarkup: linkify git revs")
commit 35d4a3c67eb5 ("docs/doc-guide: Clarify how to write tables")
commit 26d797ffc1c0 ("docs: update sphinx.rst to reflect the default theme change")
commit 679b4bc25fc7 ("docs/doc-guide: Add documentation on SPHINX_IMGMATH")
commit 4d627ef12b40 ("docs/doc-guide: Mention make variable SPHINXDIRS")
commit 7c43214dddfd ("docs/doc-guide: Add footnote on Inkscape for better images in PDF documents")
doc-guide/kernel-doc.rst:
commit 827b9458c933 ("docs: kernel-doc.rst: document private: scope propagation")
commit eba6ffd126cd ("docs: kdoc: move kernel-doc to tools/docs")
commit 90f1d896d59f ("doc-guide: kernel-doc: specify that W=n does not check header files")
commit b580fa304c85 ("docs: kernel-doc.rst: document the new "var" kernel-doc markup")
commit 8deb5d725b48 ("docs: kernel-doc.rst: don't let automarkup mangle with consts")
commit dd3e817e879c ("doc-guide: kernel-doc: add %CONST examples")
commit 7e8a8143ecc3 ("docs: add support to build manpages from kerneldoc output")
commit 9e6c5870bb44 ("Documentation: kernel-doc: enumerate identifier *type*s")
commit 23a0bc285159 ("doc-guide: kernel-doc: document Returns: spelling")
doc-guide/parse-headers.rst:
commit 6ae0f2072768 ("docs: parse-headers.rst: Fix a typo")
commit 68f3d40ea0ce ("docs: parse-headers.rst: remove uneeded parenthesis")
commit d69a03a97a2d ("docs: doc-guide: parse-headers.rst update its documentation")
Also add the translations for the following pages, which had none:
doc-guide/contributing.rst:
commit d96574b0b49d ("Add a document on how to contri
doc-guide/maintainer-profile.rst:
commit 53b7f3aa411b ("Add a maintainer entry profile for documentation")
doc-guide/checktransupdate.rst:
commit d40981350844 ("doc-guide: add help documentation checktransupdate.rst")
Signed-off-by: Federico Vaga <federico.vaga@vaga.pv.it>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260725185005.138887-1-federico.vaga@vaga.pv.it>
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The Italian current requirements text had fallen behind the English
Documentation/process/changes.rst version.
Sync the current requirements table and add the missing ver_linux note.
Also update directly related text for pahole, Python and GNU AWK, add the
Rust/bindgen source links, and remove the stale cpio source entry.
Signed-off-by: Doehyun Baek <doehyunbaek@gmail.com>
Cc: Federico Vaga <federico.vaga@vaga.pv.it>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Federico Vaga <federico.vaga@vaga.pv.it>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260726063928.1322676-1-doehyunbaek@gmail.com>
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Fix "readng" -> "reading" in
Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-edac-memory-repair.
Signed-off-by: 岳秉坤 <yuebingkun@kylinos.cn>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Message-ID: <20260728041213.52820-3-yuebingkun@kylinos.cn>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
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Correct "allows to you" to "allows you to".
Signed-off-by: Lukasz Tymoszczuk <lukastymo@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260801111804.3593320-1-lukastymo@gmail.com>
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The smsc-ircc2 module parameters reference drivers/net/irda/
smsc-ircc2.c, which was removed along with the entire IrDA stack in
commit d64c2a76123f ("staging: irda: remove the irda network stack
and drivers").
Signed-off-by: Anuj Bolewar <bolewara@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Message-ID: <20260802-docs-remove-smsc-ircc2-params-v1-1-91b302e90cce@gmail.com>
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Describe the interpreters a 'B' entry can bind while it is disabled, what
binding a file buys over naming a path the exec resolves, how a load
program picks one, that an entry binds at most 100 interpreters, and
that enabling the entry seals the set.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260730-work-binfmt_misc-preopen-v1-9-4a0b0da71f16@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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Describe the 'D' flag and what it changes about a registration:
- that the entry has to be enabled before it dispatches anything
- and that the flag is not read back
Scope the bpf section's "carries no flags" rule to invocation flags now
that 'D' composes with 'B'.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260730-work-binfmt_misc-preopen-v1-4-4a0b0da71f16@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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The Lenovo Yoga Book 9 14IAH10 ships with a detachable Bluetooth keyboard
that magnetically attaches to the bottom (secondary) screen in one of two
positions. The Embedded Controller tracks the attachment state in a 2-bit
field called BKBD and signals changes via WMI event GUID
806BD2A2-177B-481D-BFB5-3BA0BB4A2285 (notify ID 0xEB on the WM10 ACPI
device, _UID "GMZN").
The device contains embedded BMOF data (WQDD, 20705 bytes) documenting
both WMI interfaces used by this driver:
LENOVO_BTKBD_EVENT (event GUID): WmiDataId(1) uint32 Status.
The ACPI _WED(0xEB) method returns EC.BKBD directly as an integer,
so the notify callback receives BKBD without a separate query.
LENOVO_FEATURE_STATUS_DATA (block GUID, WQAF method): returns an
8-byte buffer {uint32 IDs=0x00060000, uint32 Status=BKBD}.
Used for the initial state read on probe and after resume.
BKBD encoding:
0 = keyboard detached
1 = keyboard docked on top half of bottom screen
2 = keyboard docked on bottom half of bottom screen
3 = reserved (not observed in practice)
This driver registers two WMI drivers sharing a module-level
BLOCKING_NOTIFIER_HEAD:
- The event driver (LENOVO_BTKBD_EVENT) uses .notify_new() to receive
a pre-parsed wmi_buffer and fires the notifier chain with the BKBD
value extracted from the buffer.
- The block driver (LENOVO_FEATURE_STATUS_DATA) owns the input_dev in
its per-device private struct. At probe time it registers a
notifier_block on the chain and reads the initial BKBD state via
wmidev_query_block(). The WMI buffer is parsed as
struct lenovo_feature_status { __le32 id; __le32 status; }, and the
ID field is verified before the status is used.
- SW_TABLET_MODE=1 is reported when the keyboard is detached;
SW_TABLET_MODE=0 when docked in either position (keyboard present).
- The raw BKBD value is exposed via read-only sysfs attribute
"keyboard_position".
- BKBD state is re-read via wmidev_query_block() on resume from
suspend or hibernation.
Tested on: Lenovo Yoga Book 9 14IAH10 (model 83KJ), kernel 7.0.
Acked-by: Hans de Goede <johannes.goede@oss.qualcomm.com>
Reviewed-by: Armin Wolf <W_Armin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Dave Carey <carvsdriver@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260728225545.1333610-3-carvsdriver@gmail.com
Reviewed-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ilpo Järvinen <ilpo.jarvinen@linux.intel.com>
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The discard-block check in dm_integrity_rw_tag() treats a stored tag
of all 0xf6 bytes (DISCARD_FILLER) as proof a block was discarded and
skips HMAC verification. allow_discards is only accepted in
dm-integrity's standalone mode. An attacker with raw write access to
the backing device, but without the integrity key, can stamp any block
with an all-0xf6 tag and have it served as authentic.
Add a new "allow_discards_keyed" target argument that marks discarded
blocks with a keyed checksum of (salt || sector) instead, computed by
integrity_discard_checksum().
Fixes: 84597a44a9d8 ("dm integrity: add optional discard support")
Co-developed-by: Jo Van Bulck <jo.vanbulck@cs.kuleuven.be>
Signed-off-by: Jo Van Bulck <jo.vanbulck@cs.kuleuven.be>
Signed-off-by: Shukai Ni <shukai.ni@kuleuven.be>
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup
Pull cgroup fixes from Tejun Heo:
- A pressure trigger's poll timer could be re-armed while the last
trigger was being torn down and then fire after the cgroup was freed.
Tie the timer to the cgroup's lifetime and shut it down when the
cgroup is freed.
- Writing to a pressure file forked a worker kthread while holding the
cgroup mutex, creating lock dependencies from the mutex to the whole
fork path. A pressure write racing a sched_ext scheduler enable,
which blocks forks before grabbing the mutex, deadlocked.
Fork the worker with the mutex dropped.
- Documentation fix for io.latency behavior on non-rotational devices.
* tag 'cgroup-for-7.2-rc6-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup:
Docs/admin-guide/cgroup-v2: document io.latency rotational vs non-rotational behavior
sched/psi: Shut down rtpoll_timer in psi_cgroup_free()
sched/psi: Create the psimon kthread outside of cgroup_mutex
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Certain third-party USB game controllers exposing (or spoofing) an Xbox
360-compatible interface (VID:PID 045e:028e) fail to enumerate under Linux.
The device disconnects from the bus without responding to the initial
GET_DESCRIPTOR(CONFIGURATION) request, and the kernel logs 'unable to read
config index 0 descriptor/start: -71'.
The device then falls back to a secondary Android HID mode (with a
different VID:PID), losing XInput functionality including rumble support.
The failure reproduces across multiple machines, host controller types, and
kernel versions including current mainline and LTS. The device enumerates
correctly and remains in XInput mode under Windows. Notably, the device
enumerates correctly in Android mode when the same 9-byte request
is issued for that mode's configuration descriptor, confirming the firmware
bug is specific to the XInput mode.
usbmon traces from Linux and Wireshark/USBPcap traces from Windows are
identical up to the point of failure, with no visible protocol-level
difference explaining the divergence. The root cause was identified when
Michal Pecio discovered via a QEMU bus-level capture that Windows does not
use wLength=9 for the initial config descriptor request; it uses
wLength=255. Alan Stern subsequently confirmed this with a bus
analyzer on a different USB 2.0 device, and Michal verified the behavior
goes back to Windows 95 OSR2.1.
So, add a new quirk flag USB_QUIRK_WINDOWS_CONFIG_REQ_SIZE which causes
usb_get_configuration() to issue a 255 byte sized configuration request
instead of USB_DT_CONFIG_SIZE (9) for the initial
GET_DESCRIPTOR(CONFIGURATION) request, mimicking long-standing Windows
behavior.
This patch intentionally does not add any new VID:PID entries using this
quirk. Some affected Xbox 360-compatible controllers spoof Microsoft's
VID:PID, while genuine Microsoft controllers already enumerate correctly
and do not require this quirk. Other affected clone devices use their own
VID:PID pairs and can be added individually as they are identified.
Suggested-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Suggested-by: Michal Pecio <michal.pecio@gmail.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-usb/CAFgddh+JWdT4LLwMc5qjM8q_pBu-fRo2qADR5ovAKoGHWMQrRw@mail.gmail.com/
Fixes: 1da177e4c3f4 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2")
Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Nikhil Solanke <nikhilsolanke5@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260728195158.65162-2-nikhilsolanke5@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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The AST2600 and AST2700 VUART controllers are identical to the AST2500
VUART controller.
Add the "aspeed,ast2600-vuart" and "aspeed,ast2700-vuart" compatible
strings and fall back to "aspeed,ast2500-vuart" for compatibility with
the existing driver.
Signed-off-by: Yu-Che Hsieh <yc_hsieh@aspeedtech.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring (Arm) <robh@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260721-upstream-ast2700-vuart-support-v1-1-b4ed612b1aa2@aspeedtech.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Correct a few white-space issues, like double space after '=' character,
which will be flagged by dt-check-style. No functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260801195440.234183-2-krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
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The generic SPI controller binding allows GPIO-based chip selects, but
the MA35D1 QSPI driver currently supports only the controller's native
chip selects.
Disallow the cs-gpios property so that the binding matches the
functionality provided by the driver.
Signed-off-by: Chi-Wen Weng <cwweng@nuvoton.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260803024048.1641756-1-cwweng.linux@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
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Pull 7.2 devel branch for put_device auto-clean fixes.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Correct a few white-space issues, like double space after '=' character,
which will be flagged by dt-check-style. No functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260801195425.234120-2-krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
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Some QE GPIO pins have an associated interrupt line in the QE PIC to
signal state changes on the pin. Add the corresponding
interrupt-controller / nexus properties to the QE GPIO binding.
Because the GPIO controller does not perform any interrupt handling
itself, a nexus node (interrupt-map) is used to map each GPIO line
supporting IRQ to the parent QE PIC interrupt domain.
As the QE PIC can be configured to generate an interrupt on either a
high-to-low transition or any change in signal state, three
interrupt-map entries are needed per GPIO pin that can yield an
interrupt (falling, both, and the "none" case which defaults to both in
QE PIC). This overhead is necessary because the interrupt-map-pass-thru
property is not part of the DT specification.
The interrupt-map property is optional: it is not required for GPIO
banks that have no interrupt capable GPIO line (e.g. port D on MPC8323),
or when interrupt functionality is not used.
Update the example to show a scenario where each bank supports a
different numbers of IRQs, or no IRQs at all.
Signed-off-by: Paul Louvel <paul.louvel@bootlin.com>
Reviewed-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP) <chleroy@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260708-qe-pic-gpios-v2-4-1972044cfbd1@bootlin.com
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP) <chleroy@kernel.org>
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Convert QE GPIO devicetree binding to DT schema. The old binding uses
fsl,<chip>-qe-pario-bank because multiple MCP83XX SoC has support for
these GPIO banks. The best practice is to list out every <chip> instead.
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Signed-off-by: Paul Louvel <paul.louvel@bootlin.com>
Reviewed-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com>
Reviewed-by: Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP) <chleroy@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260708-qe-pic-gpios-v2-3-1972044cfbd1@bootlin.com
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP) <chleroy@kernel.org>
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type encoding
The QUICC Engine port interrupt controller can be configured to generate
an interrupt on either a high-to-low transition or any change in the
signal state on the related GPIOs.
Update the #interrupt-cells property to 2 so consumers can encode
interrupt level information.
Acked-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Louvel <paul.louvel@bootlin.com>
Reviewed-by: Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP) <chleroy@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260708-qe-pic-gpios-v2-2-1972044cfbd1@bootlin.com
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy (CS GROUP) <chleroy@kernel.org>
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Add the compatible string for the SDHCI block found on the Tegra264 SoC.
Signed-off-by: Prathamesh Shete <pshete@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulfh@kernel.org>
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Add the compatible string for the SDHCI block found on the Tegra238 SoC.
Signed-off-by: Prathamesh Shete <pshete@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Jon Hunter <jonathanh@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulfh@kernel.org>
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Describe the L mode next to the transparent one.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260721-work-bpf-binfmt_misc-ptinterp-v2-21-e57866e4ae0f@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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Give bpf handlers the per-exec equivalent of the static 'L' flag. A
load program that sets BPF_BINPRM_LOADER has its selected interpreter
substituted for the binary's PT_INTERP instead of run with the binary
as payload. The binary otherwise executes as a fully native exec.
A single handler can now grade its dispatch per binary: native-arch ELF
with PT_INTERP gets loader substitution for full native identity.
Anything else, such as foreign arch, static, non-ELF can use transparent
or classic dispatch. The load program can read the binary's ELF header
from bprm->buf to make that call.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260721-work-bpf-binfmt_misc-ptinterp-v2-19-e57866e4ae0f@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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Add the first activation of the PT_INTERP substitution machinery. A
static entry registered with the new 'L' flag no longer runs the
registered interpreter with the binary as payload. It stashes the
interpreter as bprm->loader and declines the match with -ENOEXEC. The
format search continues in the same round. binfmt_elf claims the binary
as a fully native exec and substitutes the stashed file for the binary's
PT_INTERP.
'L' rejects every classic-dispatch flag at registration. 'T', 'P' and
'O' have nothing to act on (no argv splice, no execfd) and 'C' is
subsumed (credentials derive from the binary natively). 'F' composes and
is valuable: with it the substitute is pre-opened at registration time
and immune to mount namespace changes. Without it the substitute is
opened at exec time in the exec'ing task's context, so 'L' joins 'C' in
the requirement that the interpreter be named by an absolute path. As
with 'C', only trusted interpreters should be registered. The
substituted loader runs with credentials derived from the binary.
Like the other flag characters 'L' cannot be used as the field
delimiter. The flag scan would run off the registration buffer.
The interpreter open is shared with the classic path via the
entry_open_interpreter() helper. An open error fails the exec. Map
-ENOEXEC to -EACCES to avoid letting the binary run with its own
PT_INTERP.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260721-work-bpf-binfmt_misc-ptinterp-v2-18-e57866e4ae0f@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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Describe what a transparent dispatch constructs and the loader contract
behind AT_FLAGS_TRANSPARENT_INTERP. Also note what deliberately stays
different (the address space layout) and what stays unchanged
(credential derivation without 'C').
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260721-work-bpf-binfmt_misc-ptinterp-v2-14-e57866e4ae0f@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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Expose transparent mode 'T' to the bpf handler via a new
BPF_BINPRM_TRANSPARENT flag. A bpf handler can decide per binary whether
the dispatch is transparent. This way users may choose a native-looking
loader for one binary and a visible wrapper invocation for the next.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260721-work-bpf-binfmt_misc-ptinterp-v2-12-e57866e4ae0f@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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Let a registration opt into transparent dispatch. The 'T' flag lets a
matched binary keep its argument vector and is sent to the interpreter
through AT_EXECFD. The process's identity is the binary's.
'T' implies 'O' exactly like 'C' does. 'P' is rejected in combination
with it. Transparency preserves the whole argument vector so there is
nothing left for 'P' to say. 'C' remains an independent choice and 'F'
keeps working. A pre-opened interpreter is orthogonal to how the binary
is handed over.
Like the other flag characters 'T' cannot be used as the field
delimiter. The flag scan would run off the registration buffer.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260721-work-bpf-binfmt_misc-ptinterp-v2-11-e57866e4ae0f@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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The general usage trails the bpf-backed handlers section and therefore
reads as part of it. It predates that section and applies to binfmt_misc
as a whole.
Move it back up so the handler section ends where the file does.
Upcoming sections describing the transparent and loader dispatch modes
append after it without swallowing the general prose again.
Pure text move, no content changes.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260721-work-bpf-binfmt_misc-ptinterp-v2-2-e57866e4ae0f@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Farid Zakaria <farid.m.zakaria@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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A 'C' entry computes the credentials from the matched binary instead of
from the interpreter. So a set*id binary hands its credentials to
whatever the entry names as its interpreter.
Without 'F' that interpreter is not opened until the exec happens and
open_exec() resolves the path relative to the current working directory.
The working directory at that point belongs to whoever runs the binary
not to whoever registered the entry. So :x:M::\x7fELF::interp:C lets
every user who execs a matching set*id binary from a directory they
control run their own interp with that binary's credentials.
A relative interpreter has no sensible use here to begin with. The
registering task cannot know what the working directory will be. Make
the register string reject the combination at registration time.
This does refuse register strings that used to be accepted. The 'F' flag
covers the case where the interpreter really is meant to be resolved in
the registrant's context, and it resolves it once, at registration.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260721-work-bpf-binfmt_misc-ptinterp-v2-1-e57866e4ae0f@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Farid Zakaria <farid.m.zakaria@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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The 'P', 'C' and 'O' flags of a binfmt_misc entry - preserve argv[0],
compute credentials from the binary, and pass the binary as an open file
descriptor - are fixed at registration and apply to every binary the entry
matches. A bpf handler matches, selects the interpreter and reads the
binary per exec, so the flags should be its per-exec decision too: one
handler may match both setuid and non-setuid binaries, argv[0]-sensitive
ones and not.
Honor the flags the load program stages in bprm->bpf_flags through the
bpf_binprm_set_flags() kfunc: BPF_BINPRM_PRESERVE_ARGV0,
BPF_BINPRM_CREDENTIALS and BPF_BINPRM_EXECFD map to 'P', 'C' and 'O' and
keep the semantics of their static counterparts, credentials implying the
open file descriptor included.
Flags staged by a load program that then fails are dropped on the way out
so they cannot leak into a later handler's exec, and the argv[0] decision
acts on the entry's own choice instead of testing the accumulated
bprm->interp_flags bit, which an earlier chain level may have left set and
binfmt_misc never clears.
Since a 'B' entry's flags come from the program, it carries none in the
register string: 'P', 'C' and 'O' are rejected there alongside 'F', which
was already meaningless for it. load_misc_binary() takes the flags from
the entry for a static handler and from bprm->bpf_flags for a bpf one.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260714-work-bpf-binfmt_misc-v2-7-57b7529c002c@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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A bpf binfmt_misc handler selects an interpreter but, unlike binfmt_script,
load_misc_binary() builds the argument vector as just [interpreter, binary,
...] with no slot for an argument to the interpreter. A handler that wants
to reproduce a #! line therefore cannot express its single optional
argument, e.g. a handler that resolves $ORIGIN in a script's #! path loses
the argument that followed the interpreter.
Have load_misc_binary() consume the argument staged through the
bpf_binprm_set_interp_arg() kfunc and insert it between the interpreter and
the binary - the same position and single-argument semantics binfmt_script
gives the argument of a #! line. The argument is cleared once spliced into
the argument vector, and a load program that fails after staging one has it
dropped on the way out: whether the exec fails or -ENOEXEC hands the binary
back to the remaining formats, a stale argument cannot leak into a nested
interpreter's argv. This also lets static-style handlers pass a fixed
interpreter argument, which plain binfmt_misc has never been able to
express.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260714-work-bpf-binfmt_misc-v2-6-57b7529c002c@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Farid Zakaria <farid.m.zakaria@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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Activate a registered binfmt_misc_ops handler through the existing text
interface with the new 'B' entry type:
echo ':name:B::::<handler-name>:' > <binfmt_misc>/register
The offset, magic, and mask fields must be empty since the program does
the matching; the interpreter field carries the handler name since the
program supplies the interpreter. Reusing the register file keeps the
existing permission model intact: activating a handler requires the
same write access to a binfmt_misc instance as any other registration,
and the per user namespace instance semantics apply unchanged. A 'B'
entry in a container's own instance shadows the host's handlers just
like any other entry, and the privilege needed to shadow e.g. all ELF
binaries is the same as for a static 'M' entry matching \x7fELF today;
the only novelty is that matching becomes programmable.
The entry takes its own reference on the ops for its whole lifetime.
It is dropped from the SRCU callback that frees the entry rather than
synchronously on the final put: a walker may be asleep inside the
handler's match program while the entry's last reference goes away, so
the ops must stay callable until every walker has left the read
section - the same deferral the entry's own memory already gets. The
registration failure path, where the users refcount is not live yet,
drops it explicitly.
The match program runs from the lookup walk like magic and extension
matching and under the same rules: strict registration order, first
match wins. The walk became an SRCU read-side section in the previous
patch, so the program can sleep: it decides on the actual file
content - program headers beyond the prefetched bprm->buf, say - not
just on whatever happens to be resident in the page cache. A match
commits the exec to the handler. The sleepable load program then
selects the interpreter from load_misc_binary() by calling
bpf_binprm_set_interp() and returning zero; a failure fails the exec
instead of falling through to later entries. The walk is never left
and re-entered, so 'B' entries need no special semantics against
concurrent registration and removal whatsoever. -ENOEXEC keeps its
usual meaning and moves on to the remaining binary formats - a handler
whose load program discovers that it cannot serve the binary after all
hands it back to them - and so does returning zero without having
selected an interpreter; other program-supplied errors are clamped to
the errno range.
The 'F' flag is rejected for 'B' entries: it exists to pre-open a fixed
interpreter at registration time in the registrar's context, and a 'B'
entry has no fixed interpreter to pre-open.
'C' is accepted and behaves exactly as it does for a static entry. It
honors the suid bits of the matched binary while executing the
interpreter, which makes 'B' handlers usable for the setuid case, e.g.
a per-binary loader. This does not let the program's registrant widen
access: bprm_fill_uid() gates the credential transition on
vfsuid_has_mapping() in the caller's user namespace, so the interpreter
can only ever run as a uid that is mapped there, identical to a static
'C' entry. The computed path is opened with open_exec() under the
caller's credentials with the usual LSM and noexec checks, and the
programs run before the transition with the caller's credentials,
never elevated.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260704211409.1978485-1-farid.m.zakaria@gmail.com
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260714-work-bpf-binfmt_misc-v2-4-57b7529c002c@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Farid Zakaria <farid.m.zakaria@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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Removing a binary type handler requires echoing -1 into its entry
file which works but is an odd interface to discover for something
that already looks like a plain file in a filesystem. The comment on
remove_binfmt_handler() has been suggesting a proper ->unlink()
method for years, so add one: unlinking an entry file unhashes the
entry from the handler list and removes the file, exactly like
writing -1 to it does. The status and register control files refuse
removal with EPERM the same way binderfs protects binder-control.
Writing -1 keeps working.
Permission-wise nothing new is exposed: unlink(2) requires write
access to the root directory which is owned by the (user namespace)
root with mode 0755, matching the privilege needed to write to the
0644 entry files. The VFS calls ->unlink() with the root inode lock
held so the existing writer serialization scheme applies unchanged,
and eviction of the unlinked inode drops the entry reference exactly
as for the write based removal.
Document the new way in admin-guide/binfmt-misc.rst.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260710-work-binfmt_misc-locking-v3-24-a162f7cb58d6@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Jori Koolstra <jkoolstra@xs4all.nl>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>
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Document the IMDT QCS8550 SBC which consists of an IMDT QCS8550 SoM
soldered onto an IMDT QCS8550 carrier board.
Acked-by: Rob Herring (Arm) <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: William Bright <william.bright@imd-tec.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260723-imdt-qcs8550-sbc-rfc-v5-2-2fb988854623@imd-tec.com
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson <andersson@kernel.org>
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Add IMDT (IMD Technologies Ltd) to the vendor prefixes list.
Acked-by: Rob Herring (Arm) <robh@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: William Bright <william.bright@imd-tec.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260723-imdt-qcs8550-sbc-rfc-v5-1-2fb988854623@imd-tec.com
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson <andersson@kernel.org>
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Kfuncs used a single '__map' suffix (KF_ARG_PTR_TO_MAP) for two different
things: a verifier-known map matched by map_uid against a bound
timer/wq/task_work object (bpf_wq_init, bpf_task_work_schedule*), and an
opaque 'struct bpf_map *' used only at runtime (bpf_arena_*), which may be a
map fd or a PTR_TO_BTF_ID struct bpf_map (e.g. a bpf_map iterator's ctx->map).
That combined path only accepted the btf map form due to type confusion. The
'if (!reg->map_ptr)' check reads reg->map_ptr, which aliases reg->btf in the
bpf_reg_state union. A PTR_TO_BTF_ID register always has a non-NULL reg->btf,
so the guard silently passed and validation fell through to
process_kf_arg_ptr_to_btf_id(). It also recorded PTR_TO_BTF_ID info in
meta->map, which would be meaningless.
Split the annotation to avoid such type confusion and to align with
helper:
- '__const_map' -> KF_ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR: verifier-known map, handled by
process_map_ptr_arg() like helper ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR.
- '__map' -> KF_ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID: opaque struct bpf_map, validated by
process_kf_arg_ptr_to_btf_id(). A map fd still matches via
reg2btf_ids[CONST_PTR_TO_MAP], so bpf_arena_alloc_pages(&map) keeps
working.
Signed-off-by: Amery Hung <ameryhung@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20260801074633.1595644-4-ameryhung@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
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behavior
io.latency is documented only in terms of average latency and the avg_lat
stat, which matches rotational devices. On non-rotational devices a group
misses its target once enough of the IOs in the window individually exceed
it, and io.stat reports missed/total rather than avg_lat/win.
Describe both cases: how a miss is detected, note that the avg_lat tuning
guidance is rotational-only, and update the io.stat field list (mark
avg_lat/win as rotational-only, document missed/total).
Acked-by: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Tao Cui <cuitao@kylinos.cn>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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LincStation E1 is an entry-level NAS device powered by the RK3568B2 SoC
with two 3.5" HDD slots and two m.2 2280 slots for SSDs. It is marketed
under the LincPlus[1] brand, but the OEM appears to be Techvision
Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd[2]. The OEM model number is TVD8322R,
which is referenced by the vendor devicetree, a sticker on the board,
and a design patent (CN309443154S) matching the system chassis.
Link: https://www.lincplustech.com/products/lincstation-e1-network-attached-storage.html [1]
Link: https://cn.techvision.com.cn [2]
Signed-off-by: Samuel Holland <samuel@sholland.org>
Acked-by: Conor Dooley <conor.dooley@microchip.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260711192842.845048-4-samuel@sholland.org
Signed-off-by: Heiko Stuebner <heiko@sntech.de>
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Document the compatible string for the Vicharak Vaaman, an RK3399-based
single-board computer.
Signed-off-by: Hrushiraj Gandhi <hrushirajg23@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Krzysztof Kozlowski <krzysztof.kozlowski@oss.qualcomm.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260730045947.388660-2-hrushirajg23@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Heiko Stuebner <heiko@sntech.de>
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