<feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom'>
<title>kernel/git/stable/linux.git/tools/perf, branch linux-6.5.y</title>
<subtitle>Linux kernel stable tree</subtitle>
<id>https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/atom?h=linux-6.5.y</id>
<link rel='self' href='https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/atom?h=linux-6.5.y'/>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/'/>
<updated>2023-11-28T17:14:58+00:00</updated>
<entry>
<title>perf intel-pt: Fix async branch flags</title>
<updated>2023-11-28T17:14:58+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Adrian Hunter</name>
<email>adrian.hunter@intel.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-09-28T07:29:53+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=6066567c5bd2b03742fbc2949040ffa634a0107c'/>
<id>urn:sha1:6066567c5bd2b03742fbc2949040ffa634a0107c</id>
<content type='text'>
commit f2d87895cbc4af80649850dcf5da36de6b2ed3dd upstream.

Ensure PERF_IP_FLAG_ASYNC is set always for asynchronous branches (i.e.
interrupts etc).

Fixes: 90e457f7be08 ("perf tools: Add Intel PT support")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter &lt;adrian.hunter@intel.com&gt;
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230928072953.19369-1-adrian.hunter@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf parse-events: Fix driver config term</title>
<updated>2023-11-20T10:57:26+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Ian Rogers</name>
<email>irogers@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-09-05T03:38:05+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=1c44debc30d28dd3d755ff086b78aa1a021fee09'/>
<id>urn:sha1:1c44debc30d28dd3d755ff086b78aa1a021fee09</id>
<content type='text'>
commit 45fc4628c15ab2cb7b2f53354b21db63f0a41f81 upstream.

Inadvertently deleted in commit 30f4ade33d649aa0 ("perf tools: Revert
enable indices setting syntax for BPF map").

Fixes: 30f4ade33d649aa0 ("perf tools: Revert enable indices setting syntax for BPF map")
Reported-by: James Clark &lt;james.clark@arm.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: James Clark &lt;james.clark@arm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers &lt;irogers@google.com&gt;
Cc: Adrian Hunter &lt;adrian.hunter@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Alexander Shishkin &lt;alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Jiri Olsa &lt;jolsa@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Mark Rutland &lt;mark.rutland@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Peter Zijlstra &lt;peterz@infradead.org&gt;
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230905033805.3094293-1-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman &lt;gregkh@linuxfoundation.org&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf vendor events intel: Add broadwellde two metrics</title>
<updated>2023-11-20T10:57:17+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Ian Rogers</name>
<email>irogers@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-09-26T20:59:47+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=9a4cc8e1ad739ae3bfbdf4112567cbbe3cf0a407'/>
<id>urn:sha1:9a4cc8e1ad739ae3bfbdf4112567cbbe3cf0a407</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 19a214bffdf7abb8d472895bb944d9c269ab1699 ]

Add tma_info_system_socket_clks and uncore_freq metrics that require a
broadwellx style uncore event for UNC_CLOCK.

The associated converter script fix is in:
https://github.com/intel/perfmon/pull/112

Fixes: 7d124303d620 ("perf vendor events intel: Update broadwell variant events/metrics")
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers &lt;irogers@google.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Kan Liang &lt;kan.liang@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Caleb Biggers &lt;caleb.biggers@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Perry Taylor &lt;perry.taylor@intel.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230926205948.1399594-2-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf vendor events intel: Fix broadwellde tma_info_system_dram_bw_use metric</title>
<updated>2023-11-20T10:57:17+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Ian Rogers</name>
<email>irogers@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-09-26T03:10:34+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=e5270cbe0252171023c21caf942f74236210a3ea'/>
<id>urn:sha1:e5270cbe0252171023c21caf942f74236210a3ea</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 3779416eed25a843364b940decee452620a1de4b ]

Broadwell-de has a consumer core and server uncore. The uncore_arb PMU
isn't present and the broadwellx style cbox PMU should be used
instead. Fix the tma_info_system_dram_bw_use metric to use the server
metric rather than client.

The associated converter script fix is in:
https://github.com/intel/perfmon/pull/111

Fixes: 7d124303d620 ("perf vendor events intel: Update broadwell variant events/metrics")
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers &lt;irogers@google.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Kan Liang &lt;kan.liang@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Caleb Biggers &lt;caleb.biggers@intel.com&gt;
Cc: Perry Taylor &lt;perry.taylor@intel.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230926031034.1201145-1-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf hist: Add missing puts to hist__account_cycles</title>
<updated>2023-11-20T10:57:17+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Ian Rogers</name>
<email>irogers@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-10-24T22:23:08+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=ccbe6d8c6b4a494b0e1656026b9ce7f0283bf698'/>
<id>urn:sha1:ccbe6d8c6b4a494b0e1656026b9ce7f0283bf698</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit c1149037f65bcf0334886180ebe3d5efcf214912 ]

Caught using reference count checking on perf top with
"--call-graph=lbr". After this no memory leaks were detected.

Fixes: 57849998e2cd ("perf report: Add processing for cycle histograms")
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers &lt;irogers@google.com&gt;
Cc: K Prateek Nayak &lt;kprateek.nayak@amd.com&gt;
Cc: Ravi Bangoria &lt;ravi.bangoria@amd.com&gt;
Cc: Sandipan Das &lt;sandipan.das@amd.com&gt;
Cc: Anshuman Khandual &lt;anshuman.khandual@arm.com&gt;
Cc: German Gomez &lt;german.gomez@arm.com&gt;
Cc: James Clark &lt;james.clark@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Nick Terrell &lt;terrelln@fb.com&gt;
Cc: Sean Christopherson &lt;seanjc@google.com&gt;
Cc: Changbin Du &lt;changbin.du@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: liuwenyu &lt;liuwenyu7@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Yang Jihong &lt;yangjihong1@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu &lt;mhiramat@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Miguel Ojeda &lt;ojeda@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Song Liu &lt;song@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Leo Yan &lt;leo.yan@linaro.org&gt;
Cc: Kajol Jain &lt;kjain@linux.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Kan Liang &lt;kan.liang@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Athira Rajeev &lt;atrajeev@linux.vnet.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Yanteng Si &lt;siyanteng@loongson.cn&gt;
Cc: Liam Howlett &lt;liam.howlett@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Paolo Bonzini &lt;pbonzini@redhat.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231024222353.3024098-6-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf machine: Avoid out of bounds LBR memory read</title>
<updated>2023-11-20T10:57:17+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Ian Rogers</name>
<email>irogers@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-10-24T22:23:05+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=64fe182e0b203d53e2f5ac2ad89ffc0cf82d8509'/>
<id>urn:sha1:64fe182e0b203d53e2f5ac2ad89ffc0cf82d8509</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit ab8ce150781d326c6bfbe1e09f175ffde1186f80 ]

Running perf top with address sanitizer and "--call-graph=lbr" fails
due to reading sample 0 when no samples exist. Add a guard to prevent
this.

Fixes: e2b23483eb1d ("perf machine: Factor out lbr_callchain_add_lbr_ip()")
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers &lt;irogers@google.com&gt;
Cc: K Prateek Nayak &lt;kprateek.nayak@amd.com&gt;
Cc: Ravi Bangoria &lt;ravi.bangoria@amd.com&gt;
Cc: Sandipan Das &lt;sandipan.das@amd.com&gt;
Cc: Anshuman Khandual &lt;anshuman.khandual@arm.com&gt;
Cc: German Gomez &lt;german.gomez@arm.com&gt;
Cc: James Clark &lt;james.clark@arm.com&gt;
Cc: Nick Terrell &lt;terrelln@fb.com&gt;
Cc: Sean Christopherson &lt;seanjc@google.com&gt;
Cc: Changbin Du &lt;changbin.du@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: liuwenyu &lt;liuwenyu7@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Yang Jihong &lt;yangjihong1@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu &lt;mhiramat@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Miguel Ojeda &lt;ojeda@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Song Liu &lt;song@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Leo Yan &lt;leo.yan@linaro.org&gt;
Cc: Kajol Jain &lt;kjain@linux.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Andi Kleen &lt;ak@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Kan Liang &lt;kan.liang@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: Athira Rajeev &lt;atrajeev@linux.vnet.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: Yanteng Si &lt;siyanteng@loongson.cn&gt;
Cc: Liam Howlett &lt;liam.howlett@oracle.com&gt;
Cc: Paolo Bonzini &lt;pbonzini@redhat.com&gt;
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231024222353.3024098-3-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf vendor events: Update PMC used in PM_RUN_INST_CMPL event for power10 platform</title>
<updated>2023-11-20T10:57:17+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Kajol Jain</name>
<email>kjain@linux.ibm.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-10-16T14:31:10+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=056a83850468c6aed0eb2bcf8ccfcfd2a313c513'/>
<id>urn:sha1:056a83850468c6aed0eb2bcf8ccfcfd2a313c513</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 3f8b6e5b11192dacb721d2d28ea4589917f5e822 ]

The CPI_STALL_RATIO metric group can be used to present the high
level CPI stall breakdown metrics in powerpc, which will show:

- DISPATCH_STALL_CPI ( Dispatch stall cycles per insn )
- ISSUE_STALL_CPI ( Issue stall cycles per insn )
- EXECUTION_STALL_CPI ( Execution stall cycles per insn )
- COMPLETION_STALL_CPI ( Completion stall cycles per insn )

Commit cf26e043c2a9 ("perf vendor events power10: Add JSON
metric events to present CPI stall cycles in powerpc)" which added
the CPI_STALL_RATIO metric group, also modified
the PMC value used in PM_RUN_INST_CMPL event from PMC4 to PMC5,
to avoid multiplexing of events.
But that got revert in recent changes. Fix this issue by changing
back the PMC value used in PM_RUN_INST_CMPL to PMC5.

Result with the fix:

 ./perf stat --metric-no-group -M CPI_STALL_RATIO &lt;workload&gt;

 Performance counter stats for 'workload':

        68,745,426      PM_CMPL_STALL                    #     0.21 COMPLETION_STALL_CPI
         7,692,827      PM_ISSUE_STALL                   #     0.02 ISSUE_STALL_CPI
       322,638,223      PM_RUN_INST_CMPL                 #     0.05 DISPATCH_STALL_CPI
                                                  #     0.48 EXECUTION_STALL_CPI
        16,858,553      PM_DISP_STALL_CYC
       153,880,133      PM_EXEC_STALL

       0.089774592 seconds time elapsed

"--metric-no-group" is used for forcing PM_RUN_INST_CMPL to be scheduled
in all group for more accuracy.

Fixes: 7d473f475b2a ("perf vendor events: Move JSON/events to appropriate files for power10 platform")
Reported-by: Disha Goel &lt;disgoel@linux.vnet.ibm.com&gt;
Signed-off-by: Kajol Jain &lt;kjain@linux.ibm.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Athira Rajeev &lt;atrajeev@linux.vnet.ibm.com&gt;
Tested-by: Disha Goel&lt;disgoel@linux.ibm.com&gt;
Cc: maddy@linux.ibm.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231016143110.244255-1-kjain@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf trace: Use the right bpf_probe_read(_str) variant for reading user data</title>
<updated>2023-11-20T10:57:16+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Thomas Richter</name>
<email>tmricht@linux.ibm.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-10-19T08:26:42+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=d9d00713b8f74b0f3ef3285f163d67cd6c7e4f99'/>
<id>urn:sha1:d9d00713b8f74b0f3ef3285f163d67cd6c7e4f99</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 5069211e2f0b47e75119805e23ae6352d871e263 ]

Perf test case 111 Check open filename arg using perf trace + vfs_getname
fails on s390. This is caused by a failing function
bpf_probe_read() in file util/bpf_skel/augmented_raw_syscalls.bpf.c.

The root cause is the lookup by address. Function bpf_probe_read()
is used. This function works only for architectures
with ARCH_HAS_NON_OVERLAPPING_ADDRESS_SPACE.

On s390 is not possible to determine from the address to which
address space the address belongs to (user or kernel space).

Replace bpf_probe_read() by bpf_probe_read_kernel()
and bpf_probe_read_str() by bpf_probe_read_user_str() to
explicity specify the address space the address refers to.

Output before:
 # ./perf trace -eopen,openat -- touch /tmp/111
 libbpf: prog 'sys_enter': BPF program load failed: Invalid argument
 libbpf: prog 'sys_enter': -- BEGIN PROG LOAD LOG --
 reg type unsupported for arg#0 function sys_enter#75
 0: R1=ctx(off=0,imm=0) R10=fp0
 ; int sys_enter(struct syscall_enter_args *args)
 0: (bf) r6 = r1           ; R1=ctx(off=0,imm=0) R6_w=ctx(off=0,imm=0)
 ; return bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
 1: (85) call bpf_get_current_pid_tgid#14      ; R0_w=scalar()
 2: (63) *(u32 *)(r10 -8) = r0 ; R0_w=scalar() R10=fp0 fp-8=????mmmm
 3: (bf) r2 = r10              ; R2_w=fp0 R10=fp0
 ;
 .....
 lines deleted here
 .....
 23: (bf) r3 = r6              ; R3_w=ctx(off=0,imm=0) R6=ctx(off=0,imm=0)
 24: (85) call bpf_probe_read#4
 unknown func bpf_probe_read#4
 processed 23 insns (limit 1000000) max_states_per_insn 0 \
	 total_states 2 peak_states 2 mark_read 2
 -- END PROG LOAD LOG --
 libbpf: prog 'sys_enter': failed to load: -22
 libbpf: failed to load object 'augmented_raw_syscalls_bpf'
 libbpf: failed to load BPF skeleton 'augmented_raw_syscalls_bpf': -22
 ....

Output after:
 # ./perf test -Fv 111
 111: Check open filename arg using perf trace + vfs_getname          :
 --- start ---
     1.085 ( 0.011 ms): touch/320753 openat(dfd: CWD, filename: \
	"/tmp/temporary_file.SWH85", \
	flags: CREAT|NOCTTY|NONBLOCK|WRONLY, mode: IRUGO|IWUGO) = 3
 ---- end ----
 Check open filename arg using perf trace + vfs_getname: Ok
 #

Test with the sleep command shows:
Output before:
 # ./perf trace -e *sleep sleep 1.234567890
     0.000 (1234.681 ms): sleep/63114 clock_nanosleep(rqtp: \
         { .tv_sec: 0, .tv_nsec: 0 }, rmtp: 0x3ffe0979720) = 0
 #

Output after:
 # ./perf trace -e *sleep sleep 1.234567890
     0.000 (1234.686 ms): sleep/64277 clock_nanosleep(rqtp: \
         { .tv_sec: 1, .tv_nsec: 234567890 }, rmtp: 0x3fff3df9ea0) = 0
 #

Fixes: 14e4b9f4289a ("perf trace: Raw augmented syscalls fix libbpf 1.0+ compatibility")
Signed-off-by: Thomas Richter &lt;tmricht@linux.ibm.com&gt;
Co-developed-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Acked-by: Ilya Leoshkevich &lt;iii@linux.ibm.com&gt;
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo &lt;acme@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: Ian Rogers &lt;irogers@google.com&gt;
Cc: gor@linux.ibm.com
Cc: hca@linux.ibm.com
Cc: sumanthk@linux.ibm.com
Cc: svens@linux.ibm.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231019082642.3286650-1-tmricht@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf tools: Do not ignore the default vmlinux.h</title>
<updated>2023-11-20T10:57:16+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Namhyung Kim</name>
<email>namhyung@kernel.org</email>
</author>
<published>2023-10-10T23:42:47+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=ea654911b8ee71a3a7f6abd8e64b6034f3d9bbd8'/>
<id>urn:sha1:ea654911b8ee71a3a7f6abd8e64b6034f3d9bbd8</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 1f36b190ad2dea68e3a7e84b7b2f24ce8c4063ea ]

The recent change made it possible to generate vmlinux.h from BTF and
to ignore the file.  But we also have a minimal vmlinux.h that will be
used by default.  It should not be ignored by GIT.

Fixes: b7a2d774c9c5 ("perf build: Add ability to build with a generated vmlinux.h")
Reported-by: kernel test robot &lt;lkp@intel.com&gt;
Reviewed-by: Ian Rogers &lt;irogers@google.com&gt;
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202310110451.rvdUZJEY-lkp@intel.com/
Cc: oe-kbuild-all@lists.linux.dev
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
</content>
</entry>
<entry>
<title>perf mem-events: Avoid uninitialized read</title>
<updated>2023-11-20T10:57:16+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>Ian Rogers</name>
<email>irogers@google.com</email>
</author>
<published>2023-10-09T18:39:10+00:00</published>
<link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://git.rulkc.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/commit/?id=e94732825a5a39018a29eb2e1281621c8a541241'/>
<id>urn:sha1:e94732825a5a39018a29eb2e1281621c8a541241</id>
<content type='text'>
[ Upstream commit 85f73c377b2ac9988a204b119aebb33ca5c60083 ]

pmu should be initialized to NULL before perf_pmus__scan loop. Fix and
shrink the scope of pmu at the same time. Issue detected by clang-tidy.

Fixes: 5752c20f3787 ("perf mem: Scan all PMUs instead of just core ones")
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers &lt;irogers@google.com&gt;
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Ravi Bangoria &lt;ravi.bangoria@amd.com&gt;
Cc: Nick Desaulniers &lt;ndesaulniers@google.com&gt;
Cc: Yang Jihong &lt;yangjihong1@huawei.com&gt;
Cc: Huacai Chen &lt;chenhuacai@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Nathan Chancellor &lt;nathan@kernel.org&gt;
Cc: Kan Liang &lt;kan.liang@linux.intel.com&gt;
Cc: llvm@lists.linux.dev
Cc: Ming Wang &lt;wangming01@loongson.cn&gt;
Cc: Tom Rix &lt;trix@redhat.com&gt;
Cc: bpf@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231009183920.200859-10-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim &lt;namhyung@kernel.org&gt;
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin &lt;sashal@kernel.org&gt;
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