coredump: describe the holes when COREDUMP_SPARSE is negotiated

Make use of COREDUMP_SPARSE. Refuse it without COREDUMP_RECORDS.

Actual holes are sent as a record with length indicating how much zero
data there was.

coredump_write() flushes a trailing hole if the coredump is done.
Instead of writing the actual byte for pipes and sockets, collapse it.
This stops wasting a header with coredump records for a single byte. So
we now only write it when the coredump can be seeked. TL;DR a trailing
hole is a zero record like any other and the records still cover the
whole coredump.

Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260820-work-coredump-sparse-v2-17-ba32dd718c51@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner (Amutable) <brauner@kernel.org>

2 files changed, 35 insertions, 9 deletions

diff --git a/fs/coredump.c b/fs/coredump.c
index b663dc8203a4..dcaf998e54f6 100644
--- a/fs/coredump.c
+++ b/fs/coredump.c
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
 static bool dump_vma_snapshot(struct coredump_params *cprm);
 static void free_vma_snapshot(struct coredump_params *cprm);
 static void dump_end_record(struct coredump_params *cprm);
+static bool dump_flush_skip(struct coredump_params *cprm);
 
 #define CORE_FILE_NOTE_SIZE_DEFAULT (4*1024*1024)
 /* Define a reasonable max cap */
@@ -806,7 +807,7 @@ static bool coredump_sock_request(struct core_name *cn, struct coredump_params *
 		.size		= sizeof(struct coredump_req),
 		.mask		= COREDUMP_KERNEL | COREDUMP_USERSPACE |
 				  COREDUMP_REJECT | COREDUMP_WAIT |
-				  COREDUMP_RECORDS,
+				  COREDUMP_RECORDS | COREDUMP_SPARSE,
 		.size_ack	= sizeof(struct coredump_ack),
 	};
 	struct coredump_ack ack = {};
@@ -866,6 +867,12 @@ static bool coredump_sock_request(struct core_name *cn, struct coredump_params *
 		return false;
 	}
 
+	/* Zero records only exist inside a record stream. */
+	if ((ack.mask & COREDUMP_SPARSE) && !(ack.mask & COREDUMP_RECORDS)) {
+		coredump_sock_mark(cprm->file, COREDUMP_MARK_CONFLICTING);
+		return false;
+	}
+
 	/* Record header scratch; a bvec can't point at the stack. */
 	if (ack.mask & COREDUMP_RECORDS) {
 		cprm->record_hdr = kmalloc_obj(*cprm->record_hdr);
@@ -1071,15 +1078,21 @@ static bool coredump_write(struct coredump_params *cprm,
 	if (!binfmt->core_dump(cprm))
 		cprm->state |= COREDUMP_STATE_TRUNCATED;
 	/*
-	 * Ensures that file size is big enough to contain the current
-	 * file position. This prevents gdb from complaining about
-	 * a truncated file if the last "write" to the file was
-	 * dump_skip. A record stream relies on it too: the flush
-	 * emits the records that cover a trailing hole.
+	 * A trailing hole still has to land in the coredump. Seeking over
+	 * it doesn't grow the file, so the last byte of it is written
+	 * instead and gdb doesn't see a truncated file. Everything else
+	 * puts the hole on the wire as it flushes it.
 	 */
 	if (cprm->to_skip) {
-		cprm->to_skip--;
-		if (!dump_emit(cprm, "", 1))
+		bool flushed;
+
+		if (cprm->file->f_mode & FMODE_LSEEK) {
+			cprm->to_skip--;
+			flushed = dump_emit(cprm, "", 1);
+		} else {
+			flushed = dump_flush_skip(cprm);
+		}
+		if (!flushed)
 			cprm->state |= COREDUMP_STATE_TRUNCATED;
 	}
 	dump_end_record(cprm);
@@ -1231,6 +1244,11 @@ static bool dump_records(const struct coredump_params *cprm)
 	return cprm->mask & COREDUMP_RECORDS;
 }
 
+static bool dump_sparse(const struct coredump_params *cprm)
+{
+	return cprm->mask & COREDUMP_SPARSE;
+}
+
 /* Describe the next @len bytes of the coredump. Returns the header size. */
 static size_t dump_record_init(struct coredump_params *cprm,
 			       enum coredump_record_type type, u64 flags,
@@ -1347,6 +1365,13 @@ static bool __dump_skip(struct coredump_params *cprm, size_t nr)
 	static char zeroes[PAGE_SIZE];
 	struct file *file = cprm->file;
 
+	if (dump_sparse(cprm)) {
+		/* Hand the server the length of the hole instead of the hole itself. */
+		if (dump_interrupted())
+			return false;
+		return dump_emit_record(cprm, COREDUMP_RECORD_ZERO, 0, nr);
+	}
+
 	if (file->f_mode & FMODE_LSEEK) {
 		if (dump_interrupted() || vfs_llseek(file, nr, SEEK_CUR) < 0)
 			return false;
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/coredump/coredump_test_helpers.c b/tools/testing/selftests/coredump/coredump_test_helpers.c
index 1c8658f35735..a5b9cde47239 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/coredump/coredump_test_helpers.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/coredump/coredump_test_helpers.c
@@ -275,7 +275,8 @@ bool send_coredump_ack(int fd, const struct coredump_req *req,
 /* Every option the kernel is expected to advertise in coredump_req->mask. */
 #define TEST_REQ_MASK_ALL					\
 	(COREDUMP_KERNEL | COREDUMP_USERSPACE |			\
-	 COREDUMP_REJECT | COREDUMP_WAIT | COREDUMP_RECORDS)
+	 COREDUMP_REJECT | COREDUMP_WAIT |			\
+	 COREDUMP_RECORDS | COREDUMP_SPARSE)
 
 bool check_coredump_req(const struct coredump_req *req)
 {