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2026-03-30kbuild: rust: provide an option to inline C helpers into RustGary Guo
A new experimental Kconfig option, `RUST_INLINE_HELPERS` is added to allow C helpers (which were created to allow Rust to call into inline/macro C functions without having to re-implement the logic in Rust) to be inlined into Rust crates without performing global LTO. If the option is enabled, the following is performed: * For helpers, instead of compiling them to an object file to be linked into vmlinux, they're compiled to LLVM IR bitcode. Two versions are generated: one for built-in code (`helpers.bc`) and one for modules (`helpers_module.bc`, with -DMODULE defined). This ensures that C macros/inlines that behave differently for modules (e.g. static calls) function correctly when inlined. * When a Rust crate or object is compiled, instead of generating an object file, LLVM bitcode is generated. * llvm-link is invoked with --internalize to combine the helper bitcode with the crate bitcode. This step is similar to LTO, but this is much faster since it only needs to inline the helpers. * clang is invoked to turn the combined bitcode into a final object file. * Since clang may produce LLVM bitcode when LTO is enabled, and objtool requires ELF input, $(cmd_ld_single) is invoked to ensure the object is converted to ELF before objtool runs. The --internalize flag tells llvm-link to treat all symbols in helpers.bc using `internal` linkage [1]. This matches the behavior of `clang` on `static inline` functions, and avoids exporting the symbol from the object file. To ensure that RUST_INLINE_HELPERS is not incompatible with BTF, we pass the -g0 flag when building helpers. See commit 5daa0c35a1f0 ("rust: Disallow BTF generation with Rust + LTO") for details. We have an intended triple mismatch of `aarch64-unknown-none` vs `aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu`, so we pass --suppress-warnings to llvm-link to suppress it. I considered adding some sort of check that KBUILD_MODNAME is not present in helpers_module.bc, but this is actually not so easy to carry out because .bc files store strings in a weird binary format, so you cannot just grep it for a string to check whether it ended up using KBUILD_MODNAME anywhere. [ Andreas writes: For the rnull driver, enabling helper inlining with this patch gives an average speedup of 2% over the set of 120 workloads that we publish on [2]. Link: https://rust-for-linux.com/null-block-driver [2] This series also uncovered a pre-existing UB instance thanks to an `objtool` warning which I noticed while testing the series (details in the mailing list). - Miguel ] Link: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/170397 [1] Co-developed-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> Co-developed-by: Matthew Maurer <mmaurer@google.com> Signed-off-by: Matthew Maurer <mmaurer@google.com> Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Co-developed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Signed-off-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Tested-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org> Tested-by: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260203-inline-helpers-v2-3-beb8547a03c9@google.com [ Some changes, apart from the rebase: - Added "(EXPERIMENTAL)" to Kconfig as the commit mentions. - Added `depends on ARM64 || X86_64` and `!UML` for now, since this is experimental, other architectures may require other changes (e.g. the issues I mentioned in the mailing list for ARM and UML) and they are not really tested so far. So let arch maintainers pick this up if they think it is worth it. - Gated the `cmd_ld_single` step also into the new mode, which also means that any possible future `objcopy` step is done after the translation, as expected. - Added `.gitignore` for `.bc` with exception for existing script. - Added `part-of-*` for helpers bitcode files as discussed, and dropped `$(if $(filter %_module.bc,$@),-DMODULE)` since `-DMODULE` is already there (would be duplicated otherwise). - Moved `LLVM_LINK` to keep binutils list alphabetized. - Fixed typo in title. - Dropped second `cmd_ld_single` commit message paragraph. - Miguel ] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2024-10-21rust: exports: improve grammar in commentaryTamir Duberstein
Commit e26fa546042a ("rust: kbuild: auto generate helper exports") added an errant "the" where one was not needed; remove it. Signed-off-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Dirk Behme <dirk.behme@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com> Reviewed-by: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241009162358.27735-1-tamird@gmail.com [ Reworded title. - Miguel ] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2024-10-15kbuild: rust: remove the `alloc` crate and `GlobalAlloc`Danilo Krummrich
Now that we have our own `Allocator`, `Box` and `Vec` types we can remove Rust's `alloc` crate and the `new_uninit` unstable feature. Also remove `Kmalloc`'s `GlobalAlloc` implementation -- we can't remove this in a separate patch, since the `alloc` crate requires a `#[global_allocator]` to set, that implements `GlobalAlloc`. Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20241004154149.93856-29-dakr@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2024-08-19rust: kbuild: auto generate helper exportsGary Guo
This removes the need to explicitly export all symbols. Generate helper exports similarly to what's currently done for Rust crates. These helpers are exclusively called from within Rust code and therefore can be treated similar as other Rust symbols. Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Reviewed-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> Tested-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240817165302.3852499-1-gary@garyguo.net [ Fixed dependency path, reworded slightly, edited comment a bit and rebased on top of the changes made when applying Andreas' patch (e.g. no `README.md` anymore, so moved the edits). - Miguel ] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2023-12-13rust: replace <linux/module.h> with <linux/export.h> in rust/exports.cMasahiro Yamada
<linux/export.h> is the right header to include for using EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL. <linux/module.h> includes much more bloat. Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Martin Rodriguez Reboredo <yakoyoku@gmail.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231124142617.713096-1-masahiroy@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2022-12-04rust: add `build_error` crateGary Guo
The `build_error` crate provides a function `build_error` which will panic at compile-time if executed in const context and, by default, will cause a build error if not executed at compile time and the optimizer does not optimise away the call. The `CONFIG_RUST_BUILD_ASSERT_ALLOW` kernel option allows to relax the default build failure and convert it to a runtime check. If the runtime check fails, `panic!` will be called. Its functionality will be exposed to users as a couple macros in the `kernel` crate in the following patch, thus some documentation here refers to them for simplicity. Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net> Reviewed-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org> [Reworded, adapted for upstream and applied latest changes] Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2022-09-28rust: export generated symbolsMiguel Ojeda
All symbols are reexported reusing the `EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL` macro from C. The lists of symbols are generated on the fly. There are three main sets of symbols to distinguish: - The ones from the `core` and `alloc` crates (from the Rust standard library). The code is licensed as Apache/MIT. - The ones from our abstractions in the `kernel` crate. - The helpers (already exported since they are not generated). We export everything as GPL. This ensures we do not mistakenly expose GPL kernel symbols/features as non-GPL, even indirectly. Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Co-developed-by: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Alex Gaynor <alex.gaynor@gmail.com> Co-developed-by: Wedson Almeida Filho <wedsonaf@google.com> Signed-off-by: Wedson Almeida Filho <wedsonaf@google.com> Co-developed-by: Björn Roy Baron <bjorn3_gh@protonmail.com> Signed-off-by: Björn Roy Baron <bjorn3_gh@protonmail.com> Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>